Basic of CNC programming | Basic program writing

This is the basic of CNC Programming .Here you will get a complete idea about the programming for CNC machine.Here you will learn about the codes,defining part of the program,Operation part of the program and closing part of the program.You will learn about some simple example of programming.

Basic of CNC programming is to learn about G codes ,M codes and all the steps.It is to learn about all steps of a program to complete a machining process.

Basic of cnc programming codes

Language of CNC machines

• G code
• M code

Here we are going to learn about Basic programming of FANUC (Oi-TB)and SIEMENS(802d/802dSL/828d).

Siemens G code list-802d

Siemens M code list-802d

Fanuc G codes-Series Oi-TB

Fanuc M codes-Oi-TB

Programming systems

There are two types of programming mode used in CNC.

• Absolute
• Incremental

Incremental progamming mode(G91)

This is the programming mode where the movement (tool/bed/spindle) based on its last(Current) position.

Absolute progamming mode(G90)

This is the programming mode where all the movement measures from Origin point.

Difference between absolute and incremental programming in CNC

Incremental Dimension

Absolute dimension

CNC Positioning System

• Point To point
• Continuous path(contouring)

Point to point Positioning

Positioning(tool/spindle/Bed) from one coordinate(X,Y) to another to perform operation like drilling,Boring,reaming,taping..etc.

Continuous path(contouring)

The cutting tool travel from one point to another in Contact with work piece .Example- Turning .Milling

Zero Point Setting

Zero point can be set by any one method.

• Operator
• Manually by program
• Work coordinate

What is work offset in CNC?

This is also called work coordinate.This method is used to set zero point of the machine.Example- G54 X_ Z_.This is for master tool only.For other tool we need to set the tool geometry.

How to set work offset in CNC?

Practical of Work offset setting.-Touch the tool tip on face of raw material/workpiece and go to work offset G54 and set the Z value 0.0.Again touch the tool tip on OD of the work piece and set the X value .That is OD value.

What is Tool geometry offset in CNC?

This is the work offset for individual tool.Work offset required for other tool to perform the different operation.

What is Tool wear offset in CNC?

This offset is used to compensate tool wear.For example if there is 0.1mm of material remain after finishing cut.Then we need to input -0.1 in tool wear section and again to run the finishing cut program to remove remain material.

Interpolation

This method is the movement of Cutting tool from one point to another.

• Linear
• Circular
• Helical
• Parabolic
• Cubic

Linear Interpolation(G00/G01)

In this method the cutting tool move in a straight line.

Circular Interpolation(G02/G03)

In this method the cutting tool moves as circle or arc.This is of two types.Clockwise and counter clockwise

Block(CNC information)

Its consists of 5 word written in Horizontal line.This is recognized by MCU((Machine control Unit).

How to cnc programming

Step-1 : DATUM SETTING

Example:-

G00 G54 G90 G95 X_ Z_;

Step-2 : ^{TOOL CALL}

Example;-

T1 D1;

Step-3 : Spindle/Chuck-RPM & Direction

Example:-

M03 S90 ;

Step-4 : Safety Distance

Bring the Tool to a Safety Distance

Step-5 : Main operation

Example:-Turning/Facing/Grooving/Chamfer/Radius

G01 X_ Y_;

Step-6 : Safety Distance

Return the tool to a safety distance.

Step-7 : Spindle /Program Stop

Example:- M05 M30;

CNC programming example-fanuc(Lathe)

O0001(PLAIN TURNING)-Fanuc

N1;                                     Sequence number

T0;                                     Tool wear cancel

G40;                                   Cancelling G41 & G42

G28 U0 W0;                       Home position

G54;                                   Work coordinate

G92 S1000 ;                       Limiting speed

G95 F0.2 T0101;                Feed & Tool

G96 S250 M04;                  Cutting speed & Spindle Rotation

G00 Z 3.0;                           Safety distance for Z axis.-Rapid

G00 X 56.0;                         Safety distance  for X axis-Rapid

G1 X 50.0 M08;               Turning operation &  Coolant ON

G01 Z -40;                           Turning Operation.

G1 X 56.0;     After turning operation  tool will  return to safety distance in feed.

G00 X 200 M09;           Return to safety distance in Rapid & coolant OFF

T0;

G28 U0 W0;                          Return to home position

M01;                                      Optional stop

M30;                                      Program reset

CNC programming example-Siemens(Lathe)

G0 G54 G90 G94 X120 Z2; Datum setting & rapid movement of a tool to a safety distance X120 and Z2

T1 D1 ; Tool Selection

M03 S90 ; Speed and direction

G0 X60 Z2 ; Safety distance

G1 X50 Z0 F0.3; Starting point & feed

G1 X50 Z-220; Turning

G1 X80 Z-220; Turning

G1 X80 Z-565; Turning & end point

G1 X100 F0.4 ; Tool safety

G0 X120; safety distance

G0 Z2; Safety distance

M05 M30; Spindle stop & Program end

CNC programming lathe

Before learning about cnc programming for lathe machine we should know about the Cartesian Coordinate system.From which we can find out the coordinate point for any work piece.We should also learn about WORK CO-ORDINATE,TOOL GEOMETRY,TOOL WEAR.

CNC programming Facing

Raw material size – Diamter-20,Lenght- Any. If we want facing for 2 mm.

G0 X21.0 Z0.5 ; – Safety distance(Tool will move to 21.0 point in X axis and 0.5 in z axis rapidly ).20.0 is the diameter of raw material and face of work piece is the Z0.0.Tool will stop at Z 0.5 which is the distance from face.This is the suitable safety distance for raw material.After this it will start facing.

G01 Z-1.0 F0.3; – Tool will move to Z -1.0 in feed (Feed you can change)

G01 X 0.0; – Tool will move to X0.0 in feed .This is the facing operation of tool.As the tool start removing material from Z-1.0 to X0.0.That means 1.0 mm of material remove from face of the work piece.

G01 Z0.5; Now tool will move to Z 0.5 in feed.

G00 X21.0; Tool will move rapidly move to X21.0. Next to perform another facing operation.

G01 Z-2.0; Tool will move to Z-2.0 so that it can remove another 1.0 mm material

G01 X0.0; Tool will remove 1.0 mm of material from face of the work piece in this movement.

Now we can again move the tool to Z 0.5 in feed and then X21.0 in rapid.We can use the facing cycle to perform the facing operation.There we have to set the dimension to face and feed.The facing cycle will remove the material as per your requirement.

Basic of CNC programming Turning

If the Raw material having diameter 20 and lenght 30. and we want to make it of diameter 18 upto lenght 15mm.

G00 Z3.0; – This is the safety distance for Z axis i.e tool will move rapidly and stop at Z3.0.Which is the distance from face.(As face of workpiece is taken Z0.0)

G00 X22.0; – This is the safety distance for X axis.

G01 X19.0; – The tool will move to 19 diameter in X axis in feed. .(This movement is for turning of 1mm i.e upto 19 diameter)

G01 Z-15; – This is the Turning operation.Tool will move from X19.0 to Z-15 with removing material.(Here you can turn ON the coolant)

G01 X22.0; – Tool will move to safety distance of x axis.

In this way you can turn another 1mm.This is the way for turning operation.

Simple programming example.

Learn Hydraulics-Click here.

Learn about Solenoid valve-Visit here.

CNC Operation & Maintenance

• Non positive displacement pump | Definition, types and examples
  by Rajib
  July 24, 2024
  Non positive displacement pump is one where the fluid can be transferred by inertia of fluid,which is in motion. These pumps are make use of Newton’s first law. Advantages Initial cost is low. Maintenance cost Read more…
• Positive displacement pump type | Example,advantages and PDF
  by Rajib
  July 23, 2024
  Positive displacement pump type-Rotary pumps and reciprocating pumps. Example Gear pump,Vane pump and screw pump. Types of Positive displacement pump Rotary pumps Reciprocating pumps Rotary pumps Gear pump Vane pump Screw pump Gear pump External Read more…
• Positive displacement pump | Definition, Example,Types, and Meaning
  by Rajib
  July 22, 2024
  Pressure is the primary consideration in Positive displacement pump.It can be classified as a Hydrostatic power generator. Meaning Positive displacement pump meaning it generate continuous flow of liquid to supply necessary force. Advantages of Positive Read more…
• FRL unit | Working principle & function of frl unit
  by Rajib
  March 20, 2024
  In FRL UNIT “FRL” commonly stands for Filter, Regulator, and Lubricator in the context of pneumatic systems. These units are typically combined into a single assembly and serve distinct functions: Filter: Removes contaminants like dust, Read more…
• Servo motor | Working principle,function and component
  by Rajib
  March 19, 2024
  A servo motor is an electro mechanical device that translates electrical signals into precise mechanical movement. It operates using a closed-loop control system(Visit here for details). It helps in maintaining accurate position, speed, and torque Read more…
• Hydraulic motor | Working principle,types,HSN code
  by Rajib
  March 18, 2024
  Learn function,types,specification,hsn code,drive and piston of Hydraulic motor.Working principle and uses . A hydraulic motor is a mechanical device that converts hydraulic pressure into rotational mechanical power. It operates by using pressurized hydraulic fluid to Read more…
• Pneumatic cylinder | Parts,working principle and HSN Code
  by Rajib
  March 17, 2024
   A pneumatic cylinder is a mechanical device that utilizes compressed air to generate linear motion or force.The cylinders consist of a cylindrical chamber with a piston inside.They convert compressed air energy into mechanical motion. When Read more…
• Hydraulic cylinder | Working principle,types & hsn code
  by Rajib
  March 16, 2024
  A hydraulic cylinder serves as a mechanical device. It transforms hydraulic energy into linear force and motion. Operates on the principle of fluid pressure to generate force in a confined space. It comprises of components Read more…
• Control valves | Working principle,Types and characteristics
  by Rajib
  March 15, 2024
  Control valves are vital components in fluid control systems. It regulates the flow rate, pressure, and direction of liquids or gases within pipelines or process systems. They manage the flow by modulating the opening or Read more…
• LVDT | Working Principle,Application & construction
  by Rajib
  March 14, 2024
  LVDT – (LINEAR VARIABLE DIFFERENTIAL TRANSFORMER).An LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer) is a type of electromechanical sensor used for measuring linear displacement or position. Despite its complex-sounding name, the LVDT operates on a straightforward principle Read more…
• Thermocouple | Working principle,types & application
  by Rajib
  March 13, 2024
  A thermocouple is a temperature sensor composed of two different metal wires joined together. When exposed to different temperatures at each end, it generates a voltage due to the Seebeck effect. This voltage is directly Read more…
• Thermistor | Working principle ,Application & types
  by Rajib
  March 12, 2024
  A thermistor is a type of resistor that undergoes significant electrical resistance changes based on temperature. Its name is a combination of “thermal” and “resistor.” These devices are widely used in various applications. They possess Read more…
• Pressure sensors types,principle and examples.
  by Rajib
  March 11, 2024
  Pressure sensors are the device designed to measure and detects pressure variations in different forms. These forms include gases, liquids, or solids. It transforms these pressure changes into electrical signals or readable outputs. This capability Read more…
• Petroleum oil chemical formula | Petrol and Diesel formulae
  by Rajib
  March 10, 2024
  PETROLEUM OIL CHEMICAL FORMULA is is not singular due to its diverse composition. Petroleum, also known as crude oil, is a complex mixture primarily composed of hydrocarbons. Its chemical formula is not singular due to Read more…
• Strain gauge pressure sensor | Principle,use and diagram
  by Rajib
  February 23, 2024
  A strain gauge pressure sensor measures pressure by transforming applied mechanical force into an electrical signal. It works based on the principle that applying pressure to a material makes it to change shape. This leads Read more…
• AIR COMPRESSOR | Air compressor tank machine price,parts,types
  by Rajib
  January 11, 2024
  INTRODUCTION of AIR COMPRESSOR in Pneumatic system. An air compressor is a mechanical device that transforms power into pressurized air using an electric motor, gasoline or diesel engine.It operates by drawing in air, compressing it, Read more…
• Gear motor | Gear motor types | gear motor hsn code
  by Rajib
  January 8, 2024
  Hydraulic and Electric Gear motor type. Hsn code and diagram.Application,advantages,disadvantages. ELECTRIC GEAR MOTOR Definition: An electric gear motor is a machine that mixes an electric motor with gears. The motor produces power, and the gears Read more…
• PASCAL LAW and its application | Pascal law derivation pdf
  by Rajib
  January 2, 2024
  Pascal’s Law, developed by Blaise Pascal, is a crucial rule in how liquids and gases behave. SIMPLE   EXPLANATION OF PASCAL’S LAW: Pascal’s Law states: Pushing or pressuring a fluid in a closed space makes that Read more…
• Bernoulli’s principle | Bernoulli principle applications
  by Rajib
  December 9, 2023
  The Bernoulli’s theorem, named after the Swiss mathematician Daniel Bernoulli, is a fundamental principle in fluid dynamics. It describes the behaviour of an ideal fluid flowing in a streamline motion. It states that in a Read more…
• Compressed air | Compressed air system and components
  by Rajib
  October 7, 2023
  Pneumatic control systems rely on a steady supply of compressed air, which must be readily available in the right quantity and pressure to match the system’s capacity. Air, the essential working medium in pneumatics, is Read more…
• Bimetallic strip works on the principle of
  by Rajib
  October 2, 2023
  Bimetallic strip works on the principle of co-effiecient of thermal expansion.This content describes the working principle and advantages/disadvantages of bi-metallic strips as temperature indicators. Working principles Bimetallic strip A bi-metallic strip consists of two different Read more…
• Solenoid,Valve,coil,switch,lock,formula,magnetic field and diagram
  by Rajib
  September 20, 2023
  Learn solenoid valve and its working principle. How its coil energized and work in lock,valve.Learn electro magnetic. What is solenoid in Physics? Introduction When we hear the word “solenoid”; our minds may conjure images of Read more…
• Power Electronics application and Scope
  by Rajib
  August 24, 2023
  Some factors expand the demand of Power Electronics application are-. Energy conservation Transportation Process control and factory automation Switch mode power supply Uninterruptible power supplies Applications Aerospace Industry Resident Transport Commercial Telecommunication Utility
• Shutoff valve | Shutoff valve Symbol | Stop valve
  by Rajib
  July 31, 2023
  Shutoff valve in pneumatic system is used to open or close the path.It has 2 ports and 2 positions.It may have a lever or handle to open and close the valve. Shutoff valve Symbol More Read more…
• 
  Viscosity | Unit,Formula,coefficient,dimension,law and index of Viscosity
  by Rajib
  July 16, 2023
  Viscosity is the fundamental property of a fluid that describes its resistance to flow. Viscosity remains one of the most interesting and mysterious concepts in fluid dynamics. The word viscosity comes from the Latin word Read more…
• How to calculate hydraulic cylinder force?
  by Rajib
  July 11, 2023
  Cylinder extension speed formula Speed(meter/Minute)=LPM X 231/Effective piston Area. Piston force formula: Force=Pressure x Effective piston area. Flow rate formula: LPM=(Effective piston area X Speed)/231 For more details-Visit here.
• FRL unit parts name | FRL unit working principle
  by Rajib
  July 1, 2023
  FRL unit parts name in Pneumatics system. Full form of FRL-Filter Regualtor Lubricator. Filter,regulator and lubricator are installed in a single unit call FRL unit. FRL unit parts name Air filter Pressure regulator Air lubricator Read more…
• Block diagram of a closed loop control system
  by Rajib
  June 26, 2023
  Block diagram of a closed loop control system and open loop control system shows the arrangement of interconnected control and working component.Control components are the information processors.Working components are energy converter.

• CNC LATHE MACHINES (28)
• CNC MILLING MACHINE (4)
• CNC Programming (13)
• Maintenance (45)
• Maintenance of CNC machine (73)
• Operation (17)
• Workshop Technology (22)

Automation CNC practical CNC theory Electrical Fanuc CNC Programming Hydraulic Pneumatics Siemens CNC programming